{"id":99,"date":"2015-11-15T17:07:50","date_gmt":"2015-11-15T21:37:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.thescorpius.com\/?p=99"},"modified":"2015-11-15T17:07:50","modified_gmt":"2015-11-15T21:37:50","slug":"using-self-signed-certificates-for-amazon-alexa-skills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.thescorpius.com\/index.php\/2015\/11\/15\/using-self-signed-certificates-for-amazon-alexa-skills\/","title":{"rendered":"Using Self-Signed Certificates for Amazon Alexa Skills"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.thescorpius.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Echo.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-132\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.thescorpius.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Echo.jpg?resize=648%2C364\" alt=\"Echo\" width=\"648\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.thescorpius.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Echo.jpg?w=870&amp;ssl=1 870w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.thescorpius.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Echo.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>If you want to\u00a0implement\u00a0your own\u00a0Alexa Skills for your Amazon Echo and don&#8217;t intend to make them public, you can use a self-signed certificate for your web service where you host the skill.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ve been impressed on how many developers can&#8217;t make this work and have opted to use a\u00a0Lambda function as a proxy, when it is very\u00a0easy to create the self-signed certificate.<\/p>\n<p>If you intend to publish your skill then you&#8217;d need to buy a SSL Certificate. These steps won&#8217;t help you. \u00a0You also need a real and trusted SSL Certificate if you want to host audio files to be used with the Audio SSML Tag.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3>Create a Self-Signed Certificate using OpenSSL<\/h3>\n<p><em>Note: The following steps will be performed in a Linux host\u00a0with an Apache Web Server.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>First verify that you have the <em>openssl<\/em> package installed in your server. \u00a0I think all Linux distributions\u00a0come with this package pre-installed nowadays. \u00a0If you have a Debian-based Linux distribution like Mint, Ubuntu or Debian itself you can check that out with the following command:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:terminal decode:true \">$ dpkg -l openssl\r\nDesired=Unknown\/Install\/Remove\/Purge\/Hold\r\n| Status=Not\/Inst\/Conf-files\/Unpacked\/halF-conf\/Half-inst\/trig-aWait\/Trig-pend\r\n|\/ Err?=(none)\/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)\r\n||\/ Name                         Version             Architecture        Description\r\n+++-============================-===================-===================-==============================================================\r\nii  openssl                      1.0.2d-3            amd64               Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - cryptographic utility<\/pre>\n<p>In order to create a SSL certificate that works with the Amazon Alexa Skills you first need to create a private key using this\u00a0<em>openssl<\/em> tool. We&#8217;re going to store all certificates and keys under the folder \/etc\/ssl\/alexa. \u00a0Create the private key as follows:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:terminal decode:true\">root@kagura:\/etc\/ssl$ mkdir alexa\r\nroot@kagura:\/etc\/ssl$ cd alexa\r\nroot@kagura:\/etc\/ssl\/alexa$ openssl genrsa -out private-key.pem 2048\r\nGenerating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus\r\n...................................................+++\r\n.....................................................................+++\r\ne is 65537 (0x10001)<\/pre>\n<p>So what&#8217;s just happened? We created a new <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RSA_(cryptosystem)\">RSA key<\/a> of 2048 bits and it is stored in a file named <em>private-key.pem<\/em>. The longer the key, the most secure it is. If you&#8217;re wondering why it is called RSA it&#8217;s because those are the initial letters of the last names of its creators (Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman).<\/p>\n<p>We will now use the\u00a0<em>openssl\u00a0<\/em> application called\u00a0<em>req&#8221;<\/em>, mainly\u00a0used\u00a0to create certificate requests, but can also create a\u00a0<em>self-signed certificate<\/em>. \u00a0But first, since Amazon needs the fully qualified domain name of the server that is hosting the skill to be included in the certificate as a\u00a0<em>Subject Alternative Name<\/em>, we&#8217;re going to create a configuration file for this\u00a0<em>req<\/em> application to make things a lot easier.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s create the configuration file as follows:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:ini decode:true\">[req]\r\ndistinguished_name = req_distinguished_name\r\nx509_extensions = v3_req\r\nprompt = no\r\n \r\n[req_distinguished_name]\r\nC = US\r\nST = Provide your two letter state abbreviation\r\nL = Provide the name of the city in which you are located\r\nO = Provide a name for your organization\r\nCN = Provide a name for the skill\r\n \r\n[v3_req]\r\nkeyUsage = keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment\r\nextendedKeyUsage = serverAuth\r\nsubjectAltName = @subject_alternate_names\r\n \r\n[subject_alternate_names]\r\nDNS.1 = Provide your fully qualified domain name<\/pre>\n<p>You need to provide the name of the state, city, organization and the name of your Amazon skill in the <em>req_distinguished_name<\/em> section. After that you have to provide the fully qualified domain name of your server in the\u00a0<em>subject_alternate_names <\/em>section. That&#8217;s an extension of the version 3 of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X.509\">X.509<\/a>\u00a0standard format of public key certificates.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Your domain name must be exactly the same as the one used in your skill&#8217;s endpoint<\/strong>. \u00a0That means if your endpoint is https:\/\/skills.thescorpius.com\/myskill then the fully qualified domain name you&#8217;re going to provide as a Subject Alternative Name must be skills.thescorpius.com.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example for a Skill hosted in skills.thescorpius.com:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:ini decode:true \">[req]\r\ndistinguished_name = req_distinguished_name\r\nx509_extensions = v3_req\r\nprompt = no\r\n\r\n[req_distinguished_name]\r\nC = US\r\nST = FL\r\nL = Miami\r\nO = Scorpius\r\nCN = Scorpius Skill\r\n\r\n[v3_req]\r\nkeyUsage = keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment\r\nextendedKeyUsage = serverAuth\r\nsubjectAltName = @subject_alternate_names\r\n\r\n[subject_alternate_names]\r\nDNS.1 = skills.thescorpius.com<\/pre>\n<p>Now we&#8217;re ready to create the\u00a0<em>self-signed<\/em> certificate like this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:terminal decode:true\">root@kagura:\/etc\/ssl$ mkdir alexa\r\nroot@kagura:\/etc\/ssl\/alexa$ openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key private-key.pem -config configuration.cnf -out certificate.pem\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>And now we have our certificate called <em>certificate.pem<\/em> that will last exactly one year from today.<\/p>\n<p>Now go to the <a href=\"https:\/\/developer.amazon.com\/edw\/home.html#\/\">Amazon\u00a0Developer Portal<\/a>, go to your skill, click\u00a0<strong>Edit<\/strong> and then\u00a0<strong>SSL Certificate<\/strong>. Select the option\u00a0<strong>I will upload a self-signed certificate in X.509 format\u00a0<\/strong>and paste the contents of the <em>certificate.pem<\/em> file there.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Configuring the Self-Signed Certificate in an Apache Web Server<\/h3>\n<p>If you&#8217;re using an Apache Web Server to host your skill then you\u00a0have to configure the\u00a0recently created SSL certificate in it.\u00a0Locate the configuration of your\u00a0<em>virtual host<\/em> where your skill is being hosted and add the following lines:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:apache decode:true \">SSLEngine on\r\n\r\nSSLCertificateFile      \/etc\/ssl\/alexa\/certificate.pem\r\nSSLCertificateKeyFile   \/etc\/ssl\/alexa\/private-key.pem<\/pre>\n<p>So it should look something similar to this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:apache decode:true\">&lt;VirtualHost _default_:443&gt;\r\n\tServerName skills.thescorpius.com\r\n\r\n        (...)\r\n\r\n\tSSLEngine on\r\n\r\n\tSSLCertificateFile      \/etc\/ssl\/alexa\/certificate.pem\r\n\tSSLCertificateKeyFile   \/etc\/ssl\/alexa\/private-key.pem\r\n\r\n&lt;\/VirtualHost&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>Restart your Apache Web Server and your skill should start to work immediately!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you want to\u00a0implement\u00a0your own\u00a0Alexa Skills for your Amazon Echo and don&#8217;t intend to make them public, you can use a self-signed certificate for your web service where you host the skill. I&#8217;ve been impressed on how many developers can&#8217;t make this work and have opted to use a\u00a0Lambda function as a proxy, when it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11],"tags":[12,13],"class_list":["post-99","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amazon-alexa","tag-alexa-skills","tag-amazon-echo"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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